Is there a change in P300 evoked potential after 6 months in cochlear implant users?

Abstract Objective: There are few studies on long-latency auditory evoked potential (P300) in people with hearing loss who use a cochlear implant. Central auditory system evaluation with behavioral and electrophysiological tests is believed to help understand the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in auditory functioning after cochlear implant surgery. This study investigated the electrophysiological processing of cortical level acoustic signals in a group of 21 adult individuals with postlingual bilateral severe-to-profound hearing loss who were submitted to cochlear implant surgery. Methods: Data were collected in three phases: pre-cochlear implant surgery, at cochlear implant activation, and 6 months after surgery. P300 measures were also registered during all phases. Tone-burst and speech stimuli were used to elicit P300 and were presented in free field. Results: Mean P3 component latency with tone-burst and speech stimuli were 352.9 and 321.9 ms in the pre-cochlear implant phase, 364.9 and 368.7 ms in the activation phase, 336.2 and 343.6 ms 6 months after the surgery. The P3 component mean latency values using tone-burst at activation were significantly different from those 6 months after cochlear implant. They were also significantly different using speech, between pre-cochlear implant and activation phases. Lower P3 component latency occurred 6 months after cochlear implant activation with tone-burst and pre-cochlear implant with speech stimulus. There was a weak correlation between mean P3 component latency with speech stimulus and time of hearing loss. There was no difference in amplitude between phases or in the comparison with the other variables. Conclusion: There were changes in P3 component latency during the period assessed, for both speech and pure-tone stimuli, with increased latency in the activation phase and similar lower results in the two other phases, Pre-CI and 6 months after CI use. Mean amplitude measures did not vary in the three phases.

Centenario de Médica, el legado mayor del Dr. Mario E. Dihigo / The centenary of Medica, the biggest legacy of Dr. Mario E. Dihigo

RESUMEN Introducción: el Dr. Mario E. Dihigo Llanos, junto a un grupo de colegas emprendedores, fundó en Matanzas, en 1921, la revista Médica (devenida Revista Médica Electrónica en 1997). Objetivos: resaltar el centenario de la publicación y contribuir a la preservación de la memoria del eximio pedagogo. Materiales y métodos: fueron utilizados métodos de la investigación histórica, como el analítico-sintético y el deductivo-inductivo, así como los submétodos cronológico y geográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas y se revisó el legado documental del Dr. Dihigo. La información fue triangulada con las fuentes referenciadas y con otras bibliografías y documentos consultados. Resultados: se resaltaron algunos de los aspectos más significativos relacionados con la vida y la obra del Dr. Dihigo, y se realizó una caracterización de las primeras etapas de la revista, donde se abordan su significación histórica y científica. Conclusiones: sus aportes en Medicina y Pedagogía, así como sus esfuerzos por establecer la revista Médica, son los mayores legados de Dihigo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dr. Mario E. Dihigo Llanos, and a group of colleagues-enterprisers, founded the journal Medica (renamed Revista Medica Electronica in 1997) in Matanzas, in 1921. Objectives: to highlight the centenary of the journal and to contribute to keep the memory of the prominent pedagogue up. Materials and methods: methods of the historical research were used like the analytic-synthetic and the deductive-inductive ones, and also the chronological and geographic sub-methods. Interviews were made and the documental legacy of Dr. Mario Dihigo was reviewed. The information was compared with the referenced sources and the other referred bibliography and documents. Results: some of the most significant features of Dr. Dihigo's life and work were emphasized. A characterization of the first stages of the journal was carried out, approaching its historical and scientific significance. Conclusions: the main Dihigo's legacies were his contributions to Medicine and Pedagogy, and his efforts for founding the journal Medica (AU).

Efeitos do treinamento físico sobre parâmetros de saúde de corredores de rua recreacionais / Effects of physical training on health parameters in recreational runners

a população vem se tornando mais inativa, improdutiva e ociosa. Esses maus hábitos acumulados durante muito tempo se tornam prejudiciais à saúde, podendo ocasionar várias doen ças cardiovasculares e dislipidemias. Para prevenir e tratar essas disfunções recomenda-se a prática regular de exercícios físicos aeróbios (EFA) aliado a um fortalecimento muscular. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de quatro semanas do treinamento combinado de corrida de rua e treinamento em circuito funcio nal ( TCF) sobre variáveis relacionadas à saúde e desempenho físico de corredores de rua recreacionais. 32 indivíduos foram divididos, de acordo com a relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), em grupo de risco baixo (GRB; 22,0 ± 1,33 anos; 168,3 ± 3,18 cm; 65,4 ± 3,39 kg), grupo de risco moderado (GRM; 27,7 ± 2 ,04 anos; 167,7 ± 2,03 cm; 71,4 ± 4,66 kg), grupo de risco alto (GRA; 26,8 ± 3,16 anos; 1 63 ,0 ± 3 ,02 cm; 71,80 ± 5,9 kg). Realizaram avaliações físicas de composição corporal, testes das cap acidades físicas (cooper, RAST, flexibilidade, impulsão horizontal e vertical), foram submet idos a quat ro sem anas de treinamento aeróbio e TCF. Foram feitos os testes ANOVA two-way para verificar as diferenças entre o s grupos, e um pós-teste tukey, adotou-se o valor de p < 0,05. Resultados apontaram melho ra n a a ptidão cardiorrespiratória (p=0,0006), aumento na massa magra (p=0,039 1), redução da RCQ (p =0 ,011 6), aumentou a força dos membros inferiores (p=0,0315) e melhora na flexibilidade (p=0,0326). Portanto tais alterações são clinicamente importantes, mostrando assim um progresso na qualidade de v ida de fo rm a ampla e aperfeiçoando também o desempenho físico desse público...(AU)

the population has become more inactive, unproductive and idle. These bad habits accumulated for a long time can become harmful to health, causing various cardiovascular diseases an d dyslipidemias. To prevent and treat these dysfunctions it is recommended to p ractice regular aerobic physical exercises together with a muscular strengthening. The aim of this st udy was t o ev aluate t he effects of four weeks of the combined training of running and training in functional circuit o n v ariabl es related to health and physical performance of recreational street runners. 32 in dividuals were div ided according to waist/hip ratio, in low risk group (22,0 ± 1,33 years old; 168,3 ± 3,18 cm; 6 5,4 ± 3 ,3 9 k g) moderate risk group (27,7 ± 2,04 years old; 167,7 ± 2,03 cm; 71,4 ± 4,66 kg) high risk group (26,8 ± 3,1 6 years old; 163,0 ± 3,02 cm; 71,80 ± 5,9 kg). Physical evaluations of body composition were p erformed and also physical ability tests, they were submitted to four weeks of aerobic training and functional circuit training. The ANOVA two-way test was performed to verify the differences between t he gro up s and a tukey post-test. The p value adopted was p < 0,05. The results indicated an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0,0006). Therefore, such improvements are clinically significant, sh o win g a broad progress in the quality of life and also improving the physical performance of this public...(AU)

Factores asociados a la supervivencia al año de vida en neonatos con cardiopatía congénita severa en un Hospital Nacional de Perú / Factors associated with survival at one year of life in neonates with severe congenital cardiopathy in A National Hospital in Peru

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a la supervivencia en el primer año de vida en neonatos con cardiopatía congénita severa atendidos en un hospital nacional de Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 160 niños nacidos entre el 2012 y 2015 con diagnóstico de alguna cardiopatía congénita severa que ingresaron al Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins del Seguro Social del Perú. En el análisis de supervivencia se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba Log-Rank. Se realizaron análisis crudos y ajustados mediante modelos de regresión de Cox. Resultados. El 52,5% de los pacientes fueron de sexo masculino y la cardiopatía congénita severa más frecuente fue la atresia pulmonar (26,3%). El 33,7% de los pacientes fallecieron, siendo la supervivencia al año del 66,3% (IC95% 58,4-73,0). El diagnóstico prenatal mejoró la supervivencia (HRa 0,54, IC95%: 0,30-0,98) mientras que las cardiopatías de tipo cianóticas (HRa 2,93, IC95%: 1,36-6,34) y la presencia de otra anomalía congénita (HRa 3,28, IC95%: 1,79-6,01) la disminuyeron, estos factores fueron también significativos en un segundo modelo estratificado por tratamiento quirúrgico con excepción del modelo estratificado por complicaciones donde un diagnóstico prenatal dejó de ser significativo. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico prenatal incrementa la supervivencia ante una cardiopatía congénita severa y permitiría un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno; sin embargo, se debe considerar que las cardiopatías de tipo cianóticas y la presencia de otras anomalías congénitas extracardíacas disminuyen la supervivencia si se realiza una intervención quirúrgica o se presentan complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine factors associated with survival in the first year of life in neonates with severe congenital heart disease treated in a national hospital in Peru. Materials and Methods. 160 children born between 2012 and 2015 with a diagnosis of severe congenital cardiopathy were studied and admitted to the Neonatology Service of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital of the Peruvian Social Security. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-Rank test were used in the survival analysis. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed using Cox regression models. Results. Fifty-two, point 5 percent (52.5%) of patients were male and the most frequent severe congenital cardiopathy was pulmonary atresia (26.3%). Thirty-three, point seven percent (33.7%) of patients died, with a 66.3% (IC95% 58.4-73.0) one-year survival. Prenatal diagnosis improved survival (HRa 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.98) while cyanotic cardiopathies (HRa 2.93, 95% CI 1.36-6.34) and the presence of another congenital anomaly (HRa 3.28, 95% CI 1.79-6.01) decreased it; these factors were also significant in a second model stratified by surgical treatment with the exception of the stratified model by complications where a prenatal diagnosis ceased to be significant. Conclusions. Prenatal diagnosis increases survival from severe congenital heart disease. However, cyanotic heart diseases and other congenital anomalies, which decrease this chance, should be considered, if surgery is performed or complications occur.

Carcinoma de células renales en la edad pediátrica. Evaluación retrospectiva en un hospital pediátrico / Renal Cell Carcinoma in Pediatric Age. Retrospective Evaluation of a Pediatric Hospital

El carcinoma de células renales en la infancia es una entidad distinta a la del tipo adulto y representa solo alrededor del 2 % de los tumores renales en niños. Se muestran las características imaginológicas de los casos atendidos por esta entidad en un hospital pediátrico. A partir de una revisión de 43 años se incluyeron 5 niños (3 del sexo femenino) con una edad promedio de 12,2 años, rango de 5 a 17 años. Los hallazgos patológicos arrojaron 4 carcinomas de células claras y uno papilar. Estadio: 1 caso, estadio I; 1 caso, estadio II; 2 casos, estadio III y 1 caso estadio IV. Los 2 primeros casos se siguieron sin evidencias de enfermedad durante 6 y 7 años no acudiendo a más controles; el tercero actualmente 3 años libre de enfermedad, el cuarto falleció y el último, 2 años libre de enfermedad. Debe sospecharse en niños mayores de 5 años con masa renal. Muchos se diagnostican con un estudio ecográfico indicado por otra causa. El método radiológico preferible para su estudio es la tomografía computarizada. La extirpación quirúrgica continúa siendo el tratamiento principal.

Renal cell carcinoma in childhood is a different disease from the adult>s form and represents around 2 % of all kidney tumors in children. The aim of the work is to show the cases assisted by this disease in our hospital. A retrospective review was performed of cases with renal cell carcinoma treated in our center between 1970 and 2013. 5 children were included (3 females) with an average age of 12.2 years (range 5-17). In 2 cases the affected kidney was the right. Stage: 1 case, stage I; 1 case, stage II; 2 cases, 2 stage III and 1 case stage IV. The first two cases were followed without evidence of disease for six and seven years, they did not go to more controls; the third, currently three years free of illness, the fourth died and the last, two years free of illness. Radical nefrectomy was carried out in the 5 patients. Clear cell was the histologic subtype in 4 cases and papillary in the last one. Many are diagnosed by ultrasound indicated by a different cause. Renal computed tomography is the preferred method of imaging. Nefrectomy continues being the main treatment.

Cirugía conservadora de anomalías asociadas a la duplicación ureteral: 40 años de experiencia / Conservative surgery of anomalies associated to the ureteral duplication: 40 years of experience

Objetivo: Exponer la experiencia del Servicio de Urología del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico, el tratamiento de las anomalías asociadas a la duplicidad ureteral. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de 378 pacientes con duplicación ureteral, entre 1970 al 2010; se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico conservador a 26 casos y 6 casos de ellos tenían edad pediátrica, los cuales son objeto de análisis en este trabajo, según datos obtenidos en el registro de documentación médica de los centros. De los seis casos operados, a cinco se les realizó cirugía conservadora (uréteropielóstomia), y en un caso se realizó nefrectomía polar superior. Resultados: La duplicidad ureteral es una patología frecuente, determina un estasis urinario. El uréter bífido extra vesical, provoca reflujo urétero-ureteral. Conclusiones: Esta técnica quirúrgica es útil en las en las anomalías asociadas a la duplicidad ureteral. No se debe utilizar ésta cuando no haya posibilidades de conservación de parénquima renal.

Objective: To expose the experience of the Urology Service of the Teaching Pediatric Provincial Hospital, in the treatment of the anomalies associated with the ureteral duplication. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 378 patients with Ureteral Duplication attended in our center in the period 1970-2010; the surgical treatment was applied in 26 cases, and 6 of them were pediatric cases; the last ones are analyzed in this work, taking into account data obtained from the Clinical Documentation Database of the centers involved. The conservative surgery (uretero-pyelostomy) was carried out in 5 patients of the 6 cases and in the other 1 case, an upper pole we made upper pole nephrectomy. Results: The ureteral duplication is a frequent pathology that determines a urinary stasis. The extra-vesical bifid ureter causes uretero-ureteral reflux. Conclusions: This surgical procedure is useful in the anomalies associated with the ureteral duplication. It should not be used when there are not possibilities of conserving the renal parenchyma.

Hernia de Spiegel vs. neoplasia de colon: a propósito de un caso / Spigelian hernia vs. colonic neoplasias: apropos of a case

Las hernias de Spiegel son una entidad rara y ocurren a través de defectos de la fascia homónima. El diagnóstico es difícil; puede ser auxiliado por tomografía axial computarizada y ultrasonido. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 46 años de edad, referida al servicio de Imágenes del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez, de Matanzas, con historia de dolor abdominal inespecífico desde hace cuatro años; ahora con masa abdominal palpable en cuadrante inferior derecho e imagen sugestiva de neoplasia de ciego en examen de colon por enema realizado en el hospital de referencia. Su diagnóstico puede ser virtualmente imposible a menos que la entidad sea previamente considerada, ahí radica la importancia del reporte

Spigelian hernias are a rare entity and occur through defects in the homonym fascia. The diagnosis is difficult; it may be helped by on-line axial tomography and ultrasound. We report the case of a 46- years-old patient remitted to the Imaging Service of the Clinical-Surgical University Hospital Comandante Faustino Pérez, of Matanzas, with a history of unspecific abdominal pain for four years, now with a palpable abdominal mass in the right lower quadrant and image suggesting cecum neoplasias in colon examination by enema made in the before mentioned hospital; their diagnosis may be virtually impossible unless the entity is previously considered; that is where the importance of the report resides

The antihelminthic efficacy of pineapple fruit mebendazole on soil transmitted helminthiases: A randomized controlled trial

Objectives: The study was performed in order compare the antihelminthic efficacy of pineapple fruit versus mebendazole in schoolchildren. Design: The study performed was a single, blinded randomized control trial. Subjects: Ninety subjects aged 5 to 13 years old and positive for soil-transmitted helminthiases were included in the study. Methods: Eligible participants were subjected to Kato-Katz for diagnosis and quantitative ova count. Those positive for soil-transmitted helminthes were randomized to Group A (pineapple) and Group B (mebendazole). After 7 days of treatment, stool samples were subjected to another Kato Katz for quantitative ova analysis. Seven hundred fifty ml of puree made from one pineapple, with approximate weight of 750g, was given in divided amounts within 24 hours (250 ml 3x a day) for group A. Results: Majority (77.78%) were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Pineapple exhibited a significant improvement in egg reduction rate (RR) with a p-value of < 0.001 at 95% CI. This showed 83.5 % egg per gram (epg) of feces reduction and a cure rate of 68.9%. Mebendazole also revealed a significant egg reduction with p-value of < 0.001 at 95% CI. It also showed a remarkable egg per gram reduction rate of 92.25% and cure rate of 88.9%. There were no adverse events reported. Conclusion: Mebendazole, as an antihelminthic, is a better choice; but pineapple fruit may be beneficial as it had a high egg reduction rate and an acceptable cure rate.

Antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn) flowers in isolated perfused rat kidney / Atividade antioxidante das flores de Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn) em rim isolado perfundido de rato

A padronização da indução de estresse oxidativo com a mstura de Fenton em rim isolado perfundido de rato e a avaliação do efeito antioxidante das flores de Nelumbo nucifera em rim isolado de rato oxidativamente estressado são realizadas no presente estudo. Seis grupos de rim isolado perfundido de rato foram utilizados para o presente estudo. O grupo I de rins recebeu veículo. O grupo II de rins foi oxidativamente estressados com a mistura de Fenton. Os grupos III e IV de animais foram tratados com duas doses graduais de extrato após a administração da mistura de Fenton. Os grupos V e VI de rins foram perfundidos com duas doses graduais de extrato sem a mistura de Fenton. A mistura de Fenton causou estresse oxidativo com diferença significativa de malondialdeído (TBARS), glutationa reduzida (GSH), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), catalase, glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase (GOT) e glutamato piruvato transaminase (GPT) (p<0,05) em ratos doentes. No tratamento dos animais com extrato, o estresse oxidativo foi diminuído com aumento nos antioxidantes e as enzimas marcadoras mantiveram o nível normal. Este efeito do extrato foi dependente da dose. Em conclusão, a mistura de Fenton desenvolveu o estresse oxidativo em rim isolado perfundido de rato e o extrato das flores de Nelumbo nucifera apresenta atividade antioxidante no rim isolado perfundido oxidativamente estressado.

Standardization of induction of oxidative stress with Fenton mixture in isolated perfused rat kidney and evaluation of antioxidant effect of Nelumbo nucifera flowers in isolated oxidatively stressed rat kidney are carried out in present study. Six groups of isolated perfused rat kidney were used for the present study. Group I kidneys were received vehicle. Group II kidneys were oxidatively stressed with Fenton mixture. Group III and IV animals were treated with two graded doses of extract after the administration of Fenton mixture. Group V and VI kidneys were perfused with two graded doses of extract without Fenton mixture. Fenton mixture was found to cause oxidative stress with significant difference of malondialdehyde (TBARS), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) (p<0.05) in diseased rats. On treating animals with extract, the oxidative stress was decreased with increase in antioxidants and the marker enzymes were found to maintain the normal level. This effect of extract was found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, Fenton mixture developed the oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat kidney and Nelumbo nucifera flowers extract exhibits antioxidant activity in that oxidatively stressed isolated perfused kidney.

Retos éticos de la Radiología contemporánea: justificación para un código de ética / Ethic challenges in contemporaneous Radiology: support for an ethic code

Ciertos aspectos de la medicina son fundamentales y eternos. En cambio, su ejercicio, siempre está variando; por ello, los médicos deben estar preparados para hacer frente a los cambios y para reafirmar aquello que es fundamental. Aquí caracterizamos la Radiología contemporánea y abordamos algunos aspectos y juicios éticos relacionados con la especialidad. A manera de juego mental se asocian ideas y hechos establecidos con otros que deseamos, y de manera similar en contextos diferentes; pero que justificarían y quasi proponen, un código de ética. El trabajo constituye, en definitiva, un recordatorio de las obligaciones y los deberes comunes a los que ejercen la profesión médica en cualquiera de sus formas y en particular la Imagenología.

Some aspects of medicine are fundamental and endless. Instead, its practice is always changing; that is why, doctors should be prepared to face changes and to reaffirm what is important. Here we characterize the contemporaneous Radiology and we deal with some aspects and ethic judgments related with the speciality. In a way of mental joke, ideas are associated and facts established with others, and in a similar way, in different contexts, but justifying and proponing an ethic code. In fact, this job constitutes a recollection of the duties and common obligations to the ones who practice the medical profession in every way, particularly the Imagenology.

Elementos para la transformación estratégica / Elements for the strategic transformation

¿Qué otra cosa podría ser más importante para el desarrollo y funcionamientos efectivos de una organización que el diseño de sus estrategias? Nada es más importante. La previsión de la actividad de un Servicio de Radiología y de los recursos necesarios para realizarla, constituye un ejercicio imprescindible no sólo para planificar las dotaciones necesarias de los centros de nueva creación, sino también en los servicios en funcionamiento como forma de detectar las demandas emergentes y las necesidades de recursos para afrontarlas. Es necesario que se generalice en todos los servicios una planificación anual; para que sirvan de orientación. Ofrecemos algunos elementos a partir del estudio realizado en nuestro departamento...

What else could be more important for the development and efective functioning of an organization than the design of its strategies?There is nothing more important. The prevision of the Radiology Service's activity and the necessary resources to carry it out, is an unavoidable work not only to plan the necessary implements for the newly created centers, but for the already working services, as a form to detect the emergent demands and the resources´ necessities to affront them. It is necessary to generalize a yearly planning in all the services, to use them as an orientation. We offer some elements on the basis of the study carried out in our department.

Osificación heterotópica coincidiendo con osteopoiquilia / Heterotopic ossification in coincidence with osteopoikilosis

La osificación heterotópica es la neoformación de hueso que ocurre en los tejidos que normalmente no sufren tal proceso y debe diferenciarse de la calcificación patológica de las partes blandas. Por otro lado, la osteopoiquilia forma parte de las displasias esclerosantes del hueso, grupo de anomalías del desarrollo que reflejan disturbios en la formación y modelaje, más comúnmente resultan de errores congénitos en el metabolismo. Presentamos con este caso, la casual concurrencia de osteopoiquilosis con la osificación heterotópica del soleus derecho.

The heterotopic ossification is the formation of bone in tissues that usually don't suffer this process, and should be differentiated of pathologic calcification of the soft tissues. On the other hand, osteopoikilosis is one of the sclerosing dysplasias of bone, a poorly understood group of developmental anomalies that reflect disturbances in bone formation and modeling, most commonly resulting from inborn errors in metabolism. We present the coincidence of osteopoikilosis and the right soleus heterotopic ossification.

On the dependence of speciation rates on species abundance and characteristic population size.

The question of the potential importance for speciation of large/small population sizes remains open. We compare speciation rates in twelve major taxonomic groups that differ by twenty orders of magnitude in characteristic species abundance (global population number). It is observed that the twenty orders of magnitude's difference in species abundances scales to less than two orders of magnitude's difference in speciation rates. As far as species abundance largely determines the rate of generation of intraspecific endogenous genetic variation, the result obtained suggests that the latter rate is not a limiting factor for speciation. Furthermore, the observed approximate constancy of speciation rates in different taxa cannot be accounted for by assuming a neutral or nearly neutral molecular clock in subdivided populations. Neutral fixation is only relevant in sufficiently small populations with 4N(e)v < 1, which appears an unrealistic condition for many taxa of the smaller organisms. Further research is clearly needed to reveal the mechanisms that could equate the evolutionary pace in taxa with dramatically different population sizes

Neuroclipe Vicca: a história de um clipe brasileiro para tratamento de aneurismas intracranianos / Clips for intracranial aneurysm: the history of the Vicca clip developed in Brazil

O alto custo dos clipes importados para cirurgias de aneurismas e a dificuldade em obtê-los no mercado internacional motivou a idealização de um clipe nacional, para suprir as necessidades do neurocirurgião brasileiro. Em 1982, estimulados e orientados por diversos neurocirurgiões da cidade de Porto Alegre, em especial os Drs. Mario Cademartori e Nelson Pires Ferreira, produzimos o primeiro neuroclipe Vicca. A história da evolução desses clipes é narrada neste artigo.

Review of the South American-Antarctic triplefin fish genus Helcogrammoides (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae)

The genus Helcogrammoides comprises three species of small, cryptic shorefishes, H. antarcticus, H. chilensis, and H. cunninghami. All three species inhabit shallow water along exposed rocky coasts. Specimens reported herein extend the known distributions of H. chilensis and H. cunninghami to the vicinity of Lima, Peru, approximately 1600 km north of their previously reported northernmost records in Chile. Helcogrammoides chilensis and H. cunninghami occur sympatrically over most of their ranges in Peru and Chile and are frequently taken together in the same field collections. Lectotypes are designated for H. chilensis and H. cunninghami. Diagnoses and an identification key are provided for the species.

Influencias ambientales sobre el desempeño cognitivo en la prueba A no B de una población de niños argentinos de entre 6 y 14 Meses / Environmental effects on cognitive performance in a 6 to 14 month-old child population

En el presente trabajo se plantea la utilización de la prueba A no B de Piaget con retardo como instrumento para diferenciar el desempeño cognitivo dependiente del desarrollo y maduración de sistemas cerebrales en poblaciones infantiles pertenecientes a ambientes de crianza diferenciados por sus características socioeconómicas (INDEC). Luego de la administración de dicha prueba a 250 niños de entre 6 y 14 meses, los resultados indican que el impacto de la insatisfacción de las necesidades básicas, tal como son definidas por el método de medición de pobreza NBI, afecta una medida del procesamiento cognitivo que incluye un componente de memoria de trabajo espacial involucrado con los circuitos ubicados en la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral.

Resistencia antimicrobiana de Eschirichia coli uropatógena aislada de pacientes comunitarios / Antimicrobial resistance of urinary Escherichia coli isolated from community patients

Antecedentes. La epidemiología de la resistencia antimicrobiana en el ambiente hospitalario ha sido motivo de innumerables publicaciones, sin embargo, con respecto a microorganismos de origen comunitario la información es menos abundante. Objetivo. Precisar la frecuencia con que Escherichia Coli resulta no susceptible a los 14 antimicrobianos habitualmente empleados, en urocultivos practicados a población comunitaria. Material y métodos. Con el método de Kirby Bauer estandarizado por NCCLS, se evaluó la susceptibilidad a 14 antibióticos en un total de 404 cepas de Eschirichia coli procedentes de urocultivos con cuentas mayores a 100,000 UFC/mL. De éstas, 71 por ciento se aislaron en el laboratorio del Hospital General de Zona número 11 del IMSS (HGZ II) y 20 por ciento en el departamento de microbiología de Laboratorios Rivas S. de R.L. de C. V. (LRI). Resultados. Se demostró que en promedio existe resistencia a 24.7 por ciento de los antimicrobianos; ser más evidente en el medio hospitalario que en la comunidad (Delta + 6.2); con influencia de la edad del paciente (R=0.99) y que afecta de manera diferente y específica en cada uno de los antimicrobianos. Conclusión. La resistencia antimicrobiana de Eschirichia Coli uropatógena es un problema clínico significativo. Es conveniente que en nuestro país se haga un esfuerzo por regular el uso de antibióticos dentro y fuera de los hospitales